Process of Transformation to Net Zero Steelmaking: Decarbonisation Scenarios Based on the Analysis of the Polish Steel Industry

The European steel industry is experiencing new challenges related to the market situation and climate policy. Experience from period of pandemic restrictions effects Russia’s armed invasion Ukraine has given many countries a basis for including along with raw materials (coke, iron ore, electricity) in economic security products (CRMA). Steel needed infrastructure construction development as well material other industries (without steel, factories will not produce cars, machinery, ships, washing machines, etc.). In 2022, steelmakers faced deepening energy crisis slowdown. prompted impose on production volumes (worldwide fell by 4% compared previous year). Despite difficult (production EU 11% 2022 year), strengthening its industrial decarbonisation policy (“Fit 55”). set accelerate 2050. To sharply reduce carbon emissions, mills need steelmaking technologies. largest global, are already investing technologies that use green hydrogen (produced renewable sources). Reducing ore plasma drastically CO2 emissions (steel using could emit up 95% less than current BF + BOF blast furnace basic oxygen integrated method). Investments must be tailored industry. A net zero strategy (deep goal) may have different scenarios countries. purpose this paper was introduce conditions low-carbon Polish develop (based expert opinion)